Bettany Hughes’ Treasures of the World: Bulgaria, 27 April 2024, Channel 4

In this episode of Treasures of the World, airing on Channel 4 on Saturday 27 April, Professor Bettany Hughes travels to Bulgaria, a country with a rich history and cultural heritage. Located in Southeast Europe, Bulgaria has been a melting pot of diverse cultures, including migrating Neolithic farmers from Asia Minor, who brought the achievements of the Neolithic revolution to the continent.

Hughes begins her journey in Varna, a city on the Black Sea coast, where she explores the Varna Necropolis, which contains the oldest gold treasure in the world. Discovered in 1972, the site includes over 3,000 gold artefacts, with a combined weight of 6.5 kilograms, dating back 6,500 years. One notable find, Grave 43, belonged to a high-status male who appeared to be a ruler or leader.

Hughes then ventures to the Valley of the Thracian Kings, where she gains special access to a climate-controlled UNESCO World Heritage-listed tomb. This 2,300-year-old tomb features extraordinary, vibrant frescoes that are still intact. She also visits the Thracian tomb in Kazanlak, which has a narrow corridor leading to a domed burial chamber adorned with scenes of Thracian dignitaries.

The programme also showcases Bulgaria’s enduring ancient traditions, such as the fire ritual in the village of Kosti and the unique face-painting of brides in Ribnovo. Hughes further explores the lost Greek settlement of Heraclea Sintica, uncovering its sanctuaries, shops, townhall, and an ancient sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Nemesis.

Finally, Hughes concludes her journey at the Buzludzha Monument, a Communist-era relic that represents the country’s complex past.

Bettany Hughes’ Treasures of the World: Bulgaria airs on Channel 4 at 6.50 pm on Saturday 27 April 2024.